Interorganizational Citizenship Behavior in Sport Clusters
Abstract
In this research we investigate interorganizational citizenship behavior (ICB) within sport clusters. A sport cluster is the market that brings together all sellers and buyers relevant to a sport (Shilbury, 2000). Sport clusters concentrate a group of competing and complementary organizations in close geographic proximity (Porter, 2008) that are interlinked through the interest in a specific sport (Shilbury, 2000). These organizations may be stakeholders of a particular sport or several related sports. Interdependencies are created through commonalities and complementarities (Porter, 2008). Cluster organizations are linked through formal and informal interorganizational relationships (IOR) (i.e. bilateral relationships) and networks (ION) (i.e. multilateral relationships). ICB (Autry, Skinner, & Lamb, 2008) is derived from organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) (Organ, 1988; Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Paine, & Bachrach, 2000) and defined as discretionary behavior between organizations that is not explicit part of a contract but that promotes the effective functioning of the group of organizations (e.g. cluster).